Days Four through Six: The teachings Every morning at seven o'clock
during these three days, the Lamas performed the sadhana of the
Mandala of the Mind. The Dalai Lama continued each day with teachings
intended to prepare the students for the initiation itself. The
tent became noticeably fuller on these days, as the incorporation
of the students into the Kalachakra proceedings was begun in
earnest. Booklets were passed out containing the preparatory
text chosen for this initiation, the eighth chapter of Shantideva's
"A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life," and pencils
scratched in the audience as His Holiness commented on each verse.
Because of this commentary, these three days contained the most
readily understood part of the initiation, although the philosophy
itself was very dense. His Holiness's tendency to veer away from
the text to relate other information and answer questions made
for a lively presentation (although, during portions of the teachings
it was possible to find a few people nodding off; even Thupten
Jigme Norbu [eldest brother of His Holiness] was chided by The
Dalai Lama for dozing.). The following is a detailed overview
-- in paraphrase -- of these teachings.
Day Four:
Preliminary comments . . . (The audience takes the refuge vows.)
H.H. The Dalai Lama: It is more beneficial for people to remain
within their own faith than to become Buddhist. It is safer,
more reliable, and often more beneficial. Out of the millions
of people on earth, there might be a few who have not acquired
an interest in their own traditional faith, yet appreciate the
need for some spiritual element. They want traditional teachings
of some religion. In Tibet, too, there are adherents of many
different religions. If your affinity is towards Buddhism, it
is important not to criticize your own traditional religion.
Just because it is not effective for you doesn't mean that it's
ineffective for others. My basis for belief is my conviction
based on understanding. When I look at other religions, I feel
a profound sense of admiration. They provide fulfillment and
inspiration for others. They also reflect the diversity of sentient
beings. Also in Buddhism, there is great diversity. There are
conflicting philosophies even within Buddhism! The lesson is
to appreciate the diversity of mental inclinations. In Buddhism,
it is important to cultivate a deeper understanding of the Buddha's
teachings. Practice must be grounded in deep understanding so
that we aren't just following a superficial fashion. Also, the
Dharma is not just another field of knowledge, it isn't just
information. It is meant to be experienced. Otherwise, it is
like knowing all about food but never eating it. The purpose
of the dharma is to tame one's mind. Also, we should be careful
to be sure there is no gap between the teachings and one's own
state of mind. A teacher must be aware of this possibility.
A beginner may feel a sense of anxiety
or other afflictions. Later, anxiety tends to turn towards pride
and arrogance. Mental afflictions are very opportunistic and
will arise when not checked. We tend to swing between discouragement
and arrogance. It is also important to understand the Buddhist
dharma in terms of nirvana. We can think of afflictions as the
enemies on the path. Practice should never willfully embrace
mental afflictions. However, we can't impose upon the mind; transformation
must be brought about through conscious and voluntary change.
We can reflect on the pros and cons of the rejection of each
affliction. We can also reflect on the lives of enlightened people.
Compassion arises out of a thought process, through thinking
about others' suffering. The cultivation of positive aspects
leads to more spontaneous positive action. There is a gradual
change from anger and hatred to gentleness that can be brought
about, but it takes years. We can cultivate familiarity with
this state through meditation.
An explanation of the basic tenets of
Buddhism: H.H. The Dalai Lama: There are two truths, relative
and absolute. Our perception doesn't relate absolute truth. In
science, the theory of relativity and new findings in physics
force us to adopt a new understanding of reality. We must carefully
examine if our perceptions are reality. In science, we go beyond
appearance and make advancements that way. Madhyamika (or the
Middle Way teachings of Nagarjuna) works the same way. Nagarjuna
found that characteristics seemingly intrinsic to things and
events disappear upon close analysis. This is because things
are never causeless, but are caused by something else. Emptiness
is this dependent nature. The highest proof of emptiness is dependent
existence. There are different levels of understanding of dependent
origination; this one is common to all schools. A term doesn't
refer to a thing in its own right. Our experience affirms that
the thing exists, but it doesn't have independent and objective
existence. All things and events are in constant flux at a very
subtle level. There is no beginning to this chain of causation.
Our instinct tells us to seek happiness
and avoid suffering. Even animals have this instinct, but perhaps
only humans can make long-term plans to seek happiness. However,
mostly we seek happiness on a sensory level. Even if you lack
material facilities you can be happy -- the mental level of pain
and pleasure is more acute than the sensory level. There are
many causes for the poverty and hunger of an individual. We can
always pursue the chain of causation indefinitely. There are
two levels of causation. One is that a person can willfully cause
events to occur. The other is that there is no agency. Cessation
of suffering can only be achieved through the right path. Suffering
occurs at a very subtle level, and the first step is to recognize
these afflictions. All teachings of the Buddha converge on eliminating
these afflictions. Once you understand them, you want to be rid
of them. Even if one has no religion, it is possible to ask them
what happens when they are very angry. When this anger arises,
it undermines one's health and mental well being. Strong attachment
and desire for something can also take over the mind. We can
recognize this occurrence whether or not we have religious belief.
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